The total amount of direct documented damages inflicted upon Ukraine’s infrastructure due to the full-scale invasion by Russia as of January 2024 stands at $155 billion (at replacement cost). This estimate also takes into account the damage due to the explosion of the Kakhovka Hydroelectric Power Station (HPS) dam caused by the actions of the Russian Federation to Ukraine in June 2023. 

This data is from the analysis of the project “Russia will pay” realized by the KSE Institute team (think tank of the Kyiv School of Economics). The Kyiv School of Economics (KSE) conducts such an assessment with the Ministry for Communities, Territories and Infrastructure Development, the Ministry of Health, and the Ministry of Economy in cooperation with other relevant ministries and the National Bank of Ukraine.

The increase in the total amount of damage is due to a growth of damaged and destroyed infrastructure, housing, industry, energy, education, and healthcare facilities. 

The housing stock remains in first place in terms of damage. Due to hostilities and systemically shelling, the number of damaged and destroyed residential buildings is increasing every day. As of January 2024, there were almost 250,000 damaged and destroyed buildings, with 222,000 being private houses, over 27,000 apartment buildings, and 526 dormitories. Direct damage to these facilities is estimated at $58.9 billion. Compared to the report at the end of 2023, this amount has increased by $4.8 billion. Among other factors, the increase is caused by the transition to a different source of information for certain areas, such as the Register of Damaged and Destroyed property. The regions with the most destroyed residential buildings include Donetsk, Kyiv, Luhansk, Kharkiv, Chernihiv, and Kherson.

As of the beginning of 2024, the damage to infrastructure has reached $36.8 billion, and the direct damages to industry and businesses have already reached $13.1 billion. According to the latest data, 78 small, medium, and large private enterprises, as well as 348 state-owned enterprises, have been destroyed or damaged. 

Due to hostilities, the direct damages from the destroyed infrastructure of the energy sector continue to grow, reaching up to $9 billion. In the agro-industrial complex, damages amount to $8.7 billion. Additionally, as of the beginning of this year, direct damages in the areas of housing and public utilities total $4.5 billion, and healthcare has seen an increase of another $1.4 billion, bringing the total to $3.1 billion

Since the beginning of russia’s war against Ukraine, at least 160,000 units of agricultural machinery, 16,000 units of public transport, 3,800 educational institutions, 580 administrative buildings of state and local administration, 426 hospitals, 348 religious institutions 48 social centers, 31 boarding schools, 31 shopping centers and other facilities have been damaged, destroyed or seized.

The project team also includes volunteers from the Center for Economic Strategy, Dragon Capital, the Anti-Corruption Headquarters, the Institute of Analysis and Advocacy, Transparency International Ukraine, Prozorro.Sale, Prozorro, Ukrainian Council of Shopping Centers, CoST Ukraine, Vkursi Agro, TVIS Ukraine, Retail Association of Ukraine, Culver Aviation, Center for Innovations Development.